What are the new energy battery technologies?

With the development of social economy and the requirements of social life for environmental protection, battery technology has made certain breakthroughs. Aluminum-air batteries, supercapacitor batteries, etc. To define a battery as a new energy source, it must meet the basic conditions of environmental protection and no pollution.

Introduction of new energy battery technology and corresponding types

1. New energy lithium battery

The energy storage per unit mass of lithium-ion batteries is three times that of lead-acid batteries, and that of lithium-polymer batteries is four times that of lead-acid batteries. And lithium resources are abundant, and the price is not very expensive. It's a potential car battery .

Lithium batteries have the advantages of large specific energy, light weight, small size, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, no memory effect, and low environmental pollution.

Lithium is a very reactive metal that reacts strongly with water. Therefore, to maintain the long life of lithium batteries, the water content must be reduced to below 30ug/g.

New energy lithium batteries mainly include lithium ion batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries and lithium polymer batteries. There are three main production technologies for this type of battery: wound and laminated.

Winding type: mainly the production method of cylindrical lithium battery. This method is more suitable for the production of small capacity batteries, such as 18650 batteries. The internal resistance of the wire-wound type is higher because the wire-wound type battery is usually a single piece.

The difference in internal resistance leads to the difference in heat generation and the difference in the capacity decay rate of the finished battery during the charge-discharge cycle. Obviously, the battery capacity of the tandem battery decays more slowly.

The lamination process is equivalent to connecting multi-pole pieces in parallel, which makes it easier to complete the discharge of a large current in a short time, which is beneficial to the rate performance of the battery. The winding process is just the opposite, with a single tag resulting in slightly poorer rate performance.

Laminated type: The internal resistance of the cells produced by the laminated type process is low, and the laminated type of cells can be regarded as multi-pole lug type, which greatly reduces its internal resistance.

As the charge-discharge cycle continues, heat is generated inside the battery, which in turn affects the temperature of the battery. For the laminated battery, the internal temperature distribution is relatively uniform, while for the wound battery, there is only one-way heat transfer between the pole piece and the separator, resulting in a severe temperature gradient distribution, resulting in high internal temperature and high external temperature. hot. low temperature phenomenon. The uneven temperature distribution leads to the first inactivation of the active material at the high temperature position during the charging and discharging process of the battery, and cannot play the function of deintercalating lithium ions, which in turn affects the rapid decay of other positions and affects the performance of the battery.

2. New energy nickel-metal hydride battery

At present, the nickel metal batteries used in new energy vehicles mainly include nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-hydrogen batteries. Among them, nickel-cadmium batteries contain heavy metals, which will pollute the environment after use and disposal.

Nickel-metal hydride battery is a kind of green nickel metal battery, which does not have the problem of heavy metal pollution, and has the advantages of high specific energy, high specific power, and high cycle life.

However, problems such as high price, poor uniformity (especially large battery capacity and voltage difference under high-rate deep discharge), high self-discharge rate, and a large gap between performance levels and actual requirements have affected the use of nickel-metal hydride batteries. Batteries are widely used in new energy vehicles.

At present, the application of domestic nickel-metal hydride batteries in automobiles is still in the stage of research and development and supporting, mainly purchased from abroad.

3. Super capacitors

A supercapacitor is an energy storage device proposed to meet the real-time changes in the energy and power of hybrid vehicles. Generally used in conjunction with other batteries as a power source for electric vehicles, it can meet the power needs of electric vehicles without reducing battery power. Life.

It is an electrochemical capacitor that combines the advantages of batteries and traditional physical capacitors: the charge-discharge process is highly reversible, efficient and fast charge-discharge can be performed within seconds, high specific power, long cycle life, and maintenance-free.

However, the specific energy of supercapacitors is small and the cruising range is short. Improvement methods: ①Use in conjunction with fuel cells or batteries;

② Set up charging stations at both ends of the traffic line.

4. Fuel cell

A fuel cell is a power generation device that converts chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant directly into electrical energy through electrode reactions.

It has the advantages of no combustion, no rotating parts, no noise, long service life, high reliability and good maintenance performance. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are true zero-emission and zero-pollution vehicles, one of the best solutions to today's traffic and environmental problems, and represent the future direction of automotive development.

5. Solar cells

A solar cell is a device that converts light energy into electricity. However, due to problems such as low photoelectric conversion efficiency, high price, and complex battery system configuration, it cannot be mass-produced and applied in the near future, and can only be used as a supplementary power supply for electric vehicles.

As the cleanest and inexhaustible energy source, the research and application of solar energy will surely make great progress.